joint-venture established in 1990, is the leader among the twenty in Turkey. Izmir's port is Turkey's primary port for exports in terms of the freight handled and its free zone, a Turkish-U.S. ![]() Politically, İzmir is considered a stronghold of Kemalism and the Republican People's Party (CHP). ![]() The emergence of İzmir as a major international port by the 17th century was largely a result of the attraction it exercised over foreigners and the city's European orientation. When the Ottomans took over İzmir in the 15th century, they did not inherit compelling historical memories, unlike the other key points of the Ottoman trade network, namely Constantinople ( Istanbul), Damascus, Baghdad and Cairo. Set in an advantageous location at the head of a gulf in a deep indentation midway along the western Anatolian coast, the city has been one of the principal mercantile ports of the Mediterranean Sea for much of its history. İzmir has over 3000 years of recorded urban history and up to 8500 years of history as a human settlement since the Neolithic period. NASA Earth Observatory photo of İzmir, taken from the International Space Station on, highlighting the modern urban landscape of the city. The city participated in Climathon in 2019. It hosted the Mediterranean Games in 1971 and the World University Games (Universiade) in 2005. Lying on an advantageous location at the head of a gulf running down in a deep indentation, midway along the western Anatolian coast, İzmir has been one of the principal mercantile cities of the Mediterranean Sea for much of its history. Until the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey, İzmir had a very large Greek population. In classical antiquity the city was known as Smyrna ( / ˈ s m ɜːr n ə/ SMUR-nə Greek: Σμύρνη, romanized: Smýrni/Smýrnē) – a name which remained in use in English and various other languages until around 1930, when government efforts led the original Greek name to be gradually phased out internationally in favor of its Turkish counterpart İzmir. İzmir has more than 3,000 years of recorded urban history, and up to 8,500 years of history as a human settlement since the Neolithic period. ![]() It extends along the outlying waters of the Gulf of İzmir and inland to the north across the Gediz River Delta to the east along an alluvial plain created by several small streams and to slightly more rugged terrain in the south. Its built-up (or metro) area was home to 3,209,179 inhabitants. In 2019, the city of İzmir had a population of 2,965,900, while İzmir Province had a total population of 4,367,251. It is the third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara, and the largest urban agglomeration on the Aegean Sea. İzmir ( UK: / ˈ ɪ z m ɪər/ IZ-meer, US: / ɪ z ˈ m ɪər/ iz- MEER Turkish pronunciation: ), also spelled Izmir, is a metropolitan city on the west coast of Anatolia, and capital of İzmir Province.
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